**Recent congressional review of the July 2026 US-Saudi 123 nuclear cooperation agreement, combined with added political conditions and nonproliferation concerns, has created major barriers to the pact entering into force before the end of 2026.** The Trump administration transmitted the agreement to Congress in late August, triggering the standard 90-day review period under the Atomic Energy Act. This window extends into late November, during which lawmakers can introduce a joint resolution of disapproval. Democratic members have already advanced such measures, citing intelligence assessments that Saudi Arabia has not ruled out pursuing nuclear weapons, the deal’s pathway to uranium enrichment (initially capped below 5% but potentially rising to 20% after further study), and the absence of the IAEA Additional Protocol for enhanced inspections. President Trump has publicly conditioned final approval on Saudi Arabia normalizing relations with Israel via the Abraham Accords. Riyadh has shown no sign of meeting this requirement amid ongoing regional tensions. While the agreement provides a 30-year framework for civilian nuclear cooperation and US technology transfers, specific elements such as enrichment facilities require additional bilateral approvals and safeguards negotiations that remain incomplete. These procedural, legislative, and diplomatic hurdles make implementation in 2026 unlikely under current conditions.