Saudi Arabia faces renewed cross-border missile and drone strikes from Iran-backed Houthi forces in Yemen amid the collapse of a prior truce and the restart of major ground fighting. In recent weeks the Houthis have targeted Saudi energy sites, Riyadh, and southern provinces such as Jazan, prompting Saudi intercepts and coalition airstrikes in Yemen. On October 5 the Saudi-backed Yemeni government launched Operation “Yemen Dawn,” a broad offensive aimed at recapturing Houthi-held territory including areas near the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, with Saudi air support. Houthi responses have included further strikes on Aramco facilities and claims of operations inside Saudi airspace, though no verified ground incursions into the kingdom have been reported. Traders are weighing the risk that intensified Yemeni fighting and Houthi retaliation could produce deeper Saudi territory violations before any de-escalation.