Russia's ongoing campaign against merchant shipping in the Black Sea continues amid the broader Ukraine conflict, with Moscow targeting vessels carrying grain and other cargo to Ukrainian ports using missiles and drones. A July 19 strike on the Guinea-Bissau-flagged Golden Leo killed up to 10 crew members, marking one of the deadliest incidents, while additional Russian claims of hits on cargo ships and port infrastructure occurred in July and early August. Ukraine has responded with naval drone and missile strikes on Russian-linked tankers and shadow fleet vessels near Novorossiysk and other terminals, including an August 17 attack on a Greek-managed tanker. These reciprocal actions on civilian and dual-use shipping reflect efforts to disrupt trade routes and logistics, sustaining elevated risks for further Russian strikes in the near term absent any de-escalation or negotiated limits on maritime targets.