Recent observational data and forecast models indicate the lowest temperature in Panama City on September 13 hovered near the typical seasonal minimum of 24–25°C, with high humidity near 90%, light rain, and persistent cloud cover limiting nocturnal radiative cooling. These conditions, driven by the ongoing wet season and proximity to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, reduced temperature drops compared to clearer nights. Official monitoring shows evening readings stabilizing around 24°C, aligning with historical September baselines where overnight lows rarely fall below this range without unusual dry-air intrusions. Market odds reflect this narrow uncertainty band between 24°C and 25°C, as traders weigh minor variations in local station measurements against model consensus.