Close Russia-Iran strategic ties, formalized in a 2025 comprehensive partnership treaty, drive trader consensus on a Putin meeting with Iranian officials before year-end. Multiple high-level contacts this year, including the September 1 encounter with President Masoud Pezeshkian at the SCO summit in Bishkek and the October 1 discussion with Supreme Leader advisor Ali Akbar Velayati in Moscow, underscore routine diplomatic engagement on defense, energy, and regional issues. Foreign ministers have also coordinated regularly amid shared positions on sanctions and Middle East developments. While the implied probability reflects this pattern of frequent interaction, realistic factors that could still prevent a meeting include acute health developments, sudden scheduling conflicts from international crises, or abrupt shifts in either side's travel protocols.