Anthropic’s involvement in frontier mathematics stems primarily from researcher Levent Alpöge’s collaboration with NYU’s Tristan Buckmaster, which used large language models from both Anthropic and OpenAI to advance results on forced Euler equations and related Navier-Stokes variants in early September 2026. This work coincided with OpenAI’s announcement that an internal model deploying thousands of AI agents had produced a claimed solution to the full Navier-Stokes Millennium Prize Problem, verified in Lean, sparking debate over priority, data influence, and credit between the rival labs. Anthropic has separately demonstrated strong formalization capabilities, as seen in its rapid computer-checked rendering of Fermat’s Last Theorem, while broader AI progress on open conjectures continues to accelerate. Traders are watching for any official Anthropic-led Millennium announcement amid ongoing mathematician review of these proofs and the competitive race among AI labs to claim verified breakthroughs.