In Panama City's tropical climate during the rainy season, persistent cloud cover and high humidity typically suppress nighttime radiative cooling, anchoring minimum temperatures near 24°C as observed at official stations like Tocumen. Recent mid-September conditions featured scattered showers and moderate winds that prevented stronger cooling, supporting trader consensus around 22–25°C outcomes with closely matched probabilities reflecting minor model variations in exact cloud timing and local microclimates. These factors create genuine uncertainty resolvable only by final verified station readings, as even slight differences in overnight convection or dew point can shift the daily low by 1–2°C from historical September baselines.