Ukraine has sustained a campaign of naval drone and missile strikes against Russian vessels and shadow fleet tankers in the Black Sea, with the most recent confirmed action occurring on September 3 when forces hit the vessel Nefrit near Sochi, alongside reported strikes on port infrastructure. This follows the July launch of Operation MoLoChKa, which expanded from the Sea of Azov into the Black Sea and produced claims of over 100 vessels struck in weeks through coordinated unmanned systems attacks aimed at disrupting Russian logistics, oil exports, and support for occupied Crimea. Russia has responded with intensified missile and drone strikes on Ukrainian ports, grain carriers, and supply routes, raising risks for commercial shipping while both sides target vessels they link to the opposing war effort. No fixed end date has been announced for Ukrainian operations, and future strikes remain tied to tactical opportunities amid active conflict dynamics.